Race 16: Junior Rotax Super Final
Rotax National Trophy 15 September 2023 - 17 September 2023
Best Lap
51.81 | Timo JUNGLING (lap 16) | |
S1 | 18.68 | Joshua GRAHAM (lap 15) |
S2 | 15.51 | Reg HEYWOOD (lap 15) |
S3 | 17.40 | Hugh MOULTON (lap 16) |
Ultimate | 51.59 |
Info
Start |
12:48
|
17 Laps (48.58 MPH) | |
Conditions |
![]() |
Issued | 17 September 2023 14:06 (V2) |
First Issued | 17 September 2023 13:11 |
Timekeeper | Gaynor Heath |
Clerk of the Course | Paul Heath |
Notes
FINAL RESULT
Download laptimes (MS Excel)
Click on a driver to remove / show on graph | L1 | L2 | L3 | L4 | L5 | L6 | L7 | L8 | L9 | L10 | L11 | L12 | L13 | L14 | L15 | L16 | L17 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
1:07.79
23.92
21.18
22.69
|
1:12.75
24.53
24.95
23.27
|
1:04.28
23.33
19.88
21.07
|
59.67
21.35
18.22
20.10
|
57.93
20.80
17.67
19.46
|
56.76
20.39
17.28
19.09
|
56.02
20.21
17.02
18.79
|
55.25
19.92
16.76
18.57
|
54.75
19.80
16.45
18.50
|
54.79
19.49
16.79
18.51
|
54.14
19.55
16.37
18.22
|
53.85
19.43
16.22
18.20
|
53.39
19.37
16.07
17.95
|
53.21
19.25
16.02
17.94
|
53.15
19.23
15.98
17.94
|
52.86
19.15
15.90
17.81
|
53.08
19.13
16.10
17.85
|
|
1:09.36
25.78
21.70
21.88
|
1:08.14
23.27
22.36
22.51
|
1:00.91
21.86
18.67
20.38
|
59.26
20.91
18.41
19.94
|
56.97
20.36
17.22
19.39
|
56.15
19.81
17.07
19.27
|
55.12
19.91
16.64
18.57
|
54.54
19.49
16.55
18.50
|
54.51
19.36
16.45
18.70
|
53.98
19.43
16.31
18.24
|
53.97
19.36
16.29
18.32
|
53.51
19.41
16.03
18.07
|
52.89
19.03
15.90
17.96
|
53.32
19.16
16.00
18.16
|
52.83
19.25
15.75
17.83
|
52.43
19.05
15.71
17.67
|
52.28
18.86
15.71
17.71
|
|
1:08.73
23.65
20.89
24.19
|
1:14.76
24.91
27.80
22.05
|
1:02.58
22.20
19.31
21.07
|
59.62
21.08
18.43
20.11
|
57.83
20.40
17.67
19.76
|
57.04
20.33
17.34
19.37
|
56.01
19.94
17.09
18.98
|
55.05
19.64
16.70
18.71
|
55.63
19.55
17.06
19.02
|
54.65
19.48
16.68
18.49
|
54.14
19.28
16.31
18.55
|
53.70
19.19
16.20
18.31
|
53.56
19.11
16.31
18.14
|
53.14
19.11
16.10
17.93
|
52.60
18.90
15.86
17.84
|
53.68
19.03
16.54
18.11
|
53.10
19.13
16.08
17.89
|
|
1:08.70
24.26
21.13
23.31
|
1:05.35
23.54
20.23
21.58
|
1:01.34
21.46
19.23
20.65
|
58.90
20.75
18.15
20.00
|
57.35
20.20
17.38
19.77
|
56.36
20.18
17.20
18.98
|
55.49
19.71
17.10
18.68
|
54.25
19.45
16.51
18.29
|
55.12
19.17
17.18
18.77
|
53.40
19.23
16.14
18.03
|
53.20
19.20
16.08
17.92
|
52.61
18.92
15.97
17.72
|
52.39
18.78
15.89
17.72
|
53.18
18.77
16.15
18.26
|
52.01
18.83
15.75
17.43
|
51.85
18.81
15.64
17.40
|
52.03
18.84
15.54
17.65
|
|
1:06.44
23.02
20.96
22.46
|
1:01.88
22.24
18.58
21.06
|
1:01.88
21.67
18.97
21.24
|
58.65
20.72
18.20
19.73
|
56.91
20.27
17.40
19.24
|
56.28
20.17
17.29
18.82
|
54.85
19.72
16.59
18.54
|
54.96
19.57
16.72
18.67
|
53.79
19.39
16.24
18.16
|
53.90
19.20
16.11
18.59
|
53.04
19.04
15.97
18.03
|
53.34
19.18
15.94
18.22
|
53.22
19.02
16.03
18.17
|
52.80
18.88
15.86
18.06
|
53.85
20.01
16.01
17.83
|
52.20
18.91
15.72
17.57
|
52.03
18.78
15.64
17.61
|
|
1:08.94
23.81
20.96
24.17
|
1:03.81
22.92
19.43
21.46
|
1:00.55
21.35
18.60
20.60
|
1:01.01
21.43
19.15
20.43
|
59.54
21.12
17.89
20.53
|
57.50
20.36
17.62
19.52
|
55.84
19.97
16.92
18.95
|
55.08
19.69
16.77
18.62
|
54.70
19.49
16.52
18.69
|
53.66
19.31
16.22
18.13
|
53.55
19.17
16.20
18.18
|
53.34
19.12
16.00
18.22
|
52.59
18.97
15.84
17.78
|
52.56
18.97
15.86
17.73
|
53.14
18.85
16.23
18.06
|
52.21
18.90
15.67
17.64
|
51.93
18.78
15.61
17.54
|
|
1:10.13
24.73
20.37
25.03
|
1:12.47
23.99
26.12
22.36
|
1:02.49
22.20
19.38
20.91
|
59.36
21.05
18.17
20.14
|
57.39
20.37
17.35
19.67
|
56.45
20.25
17.24
18.96
|
56.38
19.82
17.87
18.69
|
54.49
19.50
16.55
18.44
|
54.22
19.27
16.35
18.60
|
54.27
19.32
16.36
18.59
|
54.59
19.35
16.91
18.33
|
54.54
19.67
16.59
18.28
|
53.50
19.15
16.47
17.88
|
52.43
18.92
15.75
17.76
|
52.46
18.92
15.80
17.74
|
53.80
18.91
16.83
18.06
|
52.44
19.02
15.75
17.67
|
|
1:08.08
23.35
20.17
24.56
|
1:07.92
24.24
21.47
22.21
|
1:02.57
21.93
19.46
21.18
|
1:00.48
21.24
18.59
20.65
|
59.32
20.84
17.86
20.62
|
57.20
20.56
17.45
19.19
|
56.54
19.99
17.03
19.52
|
54.87
19.56
16.59
18.72
|
54.35
19.29
16.64
18.42
|
54.17
19.28
16.44
18.45
|
53.68
19.28
16.26
18.14
|
53.28
19.27
16.06
17.95
|
53.07
19.10
16.04
17.93
|
53.40
19.30
16.31
17.79
|
52.26
18.92
15.71
17.63
|
53.65
19.01
16.04
18.60
|
53.26
18.94
16.11
18.21
|
|
1:07.73
24.04
20.04
23.65
|
1:09.58
24.56
22.83
22.19
|
59.87
21.29
18.51
20.07
|
57.77
20.58
17.77
19.42
|
56.30
20.11
16.91
19.28
|
55.86
20.01
17.05
18.80
|
56.03
20.05
17.41
18.57
|
54.20
19.48
16.40
18.32
|
55.70
19.31
17.23
19.16
|
53.40
19.23
16.22
17.95
|
53.18
19.12
16.02
18.04
|
52.82
18.98
15.98
17.86
|
52.77
19.18
15.85
17.74
|
53.07
19.00
16.19
17.88
|
52.71
19.05
15.88
17.78
|
52.25
18.92
15.70
17.63
|
52.80
18.88
16.26
17.66
|
|
1:02.28
22.45
19.08
20.75
|
1:00.13
21.25
18.35
20.53
|
59.56
21.00
18.23
20.33
|
58.39
20.67
17.85
19.87
|
57.08
20.33
17.38
19.37
|
55.97
20.05
16.96
18.96
|
55.27
19.77
16.85
18.65
|
54.62
19.54
16.57
18.51
|
53.97
19.41
16.38
18.18
|
53.63
19.25
16.17
18.21
|
53.21
19.07
16.10
18.04
|
52.83
19.03
15.93
17.87
|
52.52
18.92
15.80
17.80
|
52.30
18.89
15.78
17.63
|
52.02
18.76
15.71
17.55
|
52.00
18.81
15.67
17.52
|
53.42
18.98
15.75
18.69
|
|
1:09.71
22.86
22.57
24.28
|
1:03.17
22.42
19.80
20.95
|
1:02.02
21.39
19.14
21.49
|
1:00.32
21.40
18.43
20.49
|
1:08.11
20.76
17.55
29.80
|
56.70
20.44
17.21
19.05
|
55.45
19.69
17.12
18.64
|
55.01
19.51
16.66
18.84
|
54.32
19.19
16.55
18.58
|
54.22
19.21
16.50
18.51
|
54.31
19.36
16.69
18.26
|
52.97
18.97
16.00
18.00
|
52.52
18.88
15.81
17.83
|
52.89
19.17
16.00
17.72
|
52.12
18.68
15.79
17.65
|
53.91
19.13
16.25
18.53
|
53.89
18.87
16.85
18.17
|
|
1:07.00
23.61
20.73
22.66
|
1:02.05
21.77
18.88
21.40
|
1:00.54
21.98
18.55
20.01
|
58.16
21.03
17.69
19.44
|
56.09
20.32
16.88
18.89
|
55.52
20.04
16.77
18.71
|
54.96
19.85
16.56
18.55
|
54.87
19.77
16.63
18.47
|
54.08
19.63
16.29
18.16
|
53.70
19.42
16.18
18.10
|
54.47
19.76
16.39
18.32
|
53.24
19.36
15.99
17.89
|
52.96
19.15
15.91
17.90
|
52.50
19.10
15.74
17.66
|
52.64
19.18
15.77
17.69
|
52.45
19.03
15.76
17.66
|
52.45
19.01
15.78
17.66
|
|
1:08.04
23.73
21.36
22.95
|
1:02.01
22.02
18.75
21.24
|
1:03.25
22.33
19.98
20.94
|
59.29
21.11
18.25
19.93
|
57.57
20.63
17.55
19.39
|
57.03
20.13
17.57
19.33
|
55.35
19.74
16.84
18.77
|
54.80
19.68
16.60
18.52
|
56.18
19.53
17.21
19.44
|
54.74
19.60
16.74
18.40
|
53.59
19.28
16.18
18.13
|
52.96
19.01
16.02
17.93
|
53.13
18.89
16.35
17.89
|
52.45
18.86
15.88
17.71
|
52.13
18.80
15.74
17.59
|
52.37
19.10
15.69
17.58
|
52.02
18.77
15.68
17.57
|
|
1:06.05
22.97
21.04
22.04
|
1:02.99
21.83
19.11
22.05
|
1:02.75
22.28
19.29
21.18
|
59.89
21.19
18.73
19.97
|
57.25
20.41
17.50
19.34
|
55.77
19.96
16.93
18.88
|
54.59
19.58
16.53
18.48
|
54.48
19.49
16.42
18.57
|
53.80
19.41
16.25
18.14
|
53.51
19.19
16.09
18.23
|
53.08
19.08
15.91
18.09
|
53.35
19.14
16.03
18.18
|
52.73
18.98
16.03
17.72
|
52.32
18.90
15.69
17.73
|
52.08
18.86
15.59
17.63
|
51.81
18.81
15.54
17.46
|
51.83
18.79
15.52
17.52
|
|
1:07.80
22.75
21.11
23.94
|
1:07.76
26.24
20.36
21.16
|
59.97
21.19
18.36
20.42
|
58.82
20.90
18.10
19.82
|
57.06
20.35
17.44
19.27
|
56.29
20.07
17.21
19.01
|
56.61
20.92
16.94
18.75
|
54.65
19.54
16.80
18.31
|
54.32
19.35
16.26
18.71
|
55.43
19.25
17.87
18.31
|
53.47
19.17
16.16
18.14
|
55.73
19.14
17.55
19.04
|
52.82
19.05
16.00
17.77
|
52.30
18.87
15.76
17.67
|
52.26
18.89
15.69
17.68
|
51.91
18.70
15.55
17.66
|
52.43
18.68
15.92
17.83
|
|
1:05.92
22.80
20.74
22.38
|
1:02.88
21.65
19.24
21.99
|
1:02.83
22.22
19.24
21.37
|
59.00
20.90
18.32
19.78
|
56.85
20.43
17.17
19.25
|
55.62
19.78
16.90
18.94
|
54.82
19.61
16.57
18.64
|
54.66
19.47
16.54
18.65
|
53.83
19.30
16.24
18.29
|
53.69
19.22
16.16
18.31
|
53.41
19.09
16.13
18.19
|
56.00
19.71
17.37
18.92
|
52.47
18.93
15.72
17.82
|
52.12
18.80
15.65
17.67
|
53.30
19.26
16.29
17.75
|
52.54
18.92
15.78
17.84
|
52.00
18.78
15.55
17.67
|
|
1:05.46
23.26
20.18
22.02
|
1:03.38
21.71
19.08
22.59
|
1:03.58
22.80
19.53
21.25
|
1:00.85
21.25
19.26
20.34
|
58.02
20.50
17.79
19.73
|
56.50
19.97
17.42
19.11
|
55.76
20.06
16.93
18.77
|
55.20
19.59
17.17
18.44
|
54.48
19.36
16.42
18.70
|
53.86
19.18
16.34
18.34
|
53.45
19.27
16.12
18.06
|
53.22
19.11
16.09
18.02
|
52.81
19.09
15.83
17.89
|
52.62
19.08
15.82
17.72
|
52.31
18.88
15.86
17.57
|
52.32
18.94
15.73
17.65
|
52.18
18.80
15.64
17.74
|
|
1:07.15
23.52
20.26
23.37
|
1:02.37
21.62
19.21
21.54
|
1:02.29
21.72
19.27
21.30
|
59.98
21.44
18.40
20.14
|
57.78
20.62
17.78
19.38
|
57.51
20.15
18.13
19.23
|
55.73
19.99
17.03
18.71
|
54.36
19.44
16.57
18.35
|
54.56
19.49
16.74
18.33
|
53.57
19.23
16.30
18.04
|
53.33
19.12
16.21
18.00
|
53.36
19.14
16.24
17.98
|
52.80
19.00
16.04
17.76
|
52.62
19.01
15.84
17.77
|
52.37
18.94
15.83
17.60
|
51.87
18.77
15.61
17.49
|
52.01
18.84
15.66
17.51
|
|
1:06.45
23.15
21.02
22.28
|
1:02.33
21.84
18.83
21.66
|
1:03.00
22.13
19.77
21.10
|
59.52
21.09
18.44
19.99
|
57.29
20.49
17.45
19.35
|
55.80
20.01
16.94
18.85
|
54.67
19.64
16.46
18.57
|
54.43
19.46
16.45
18.52
|
53.77
19.42
16.20
18.15
|
53.64
19.18
16.07
18.39
|
53.09
19.07
15.98
18.04
|
53.31
19.32
16.14
17.85
|
53.14
19.04
15.94
18.16
|
52.86
18.94
15.83
18.09
|
53.21
19.60
15.95
17.66
|
52.11
18.83
15.76
17.52
|
51.93
18.78
15.65
17.50
|
|
1:08.75
24.26
20.48
24.01
|
1:02.77
22.31
19.32
21.14
|
1:02.02
21.24
19.04
21.74
|
59.11
20.82
17.95
20.34
|
57.15
20.16
17.49
19.50
|
56.51
19.90
17.33
19.28
|
54.75
19.56
16.53
18.66
|
53.87
19.45
16.21
18.21
|
53.36
19.23
16.03
18.10
|
53.17
19.17
15.98
18.02
|
53.21
19.21
15.98
18.02
|
53.68
19.07
16.31
18.30
|
52.35
18.91
15.75
17.69
|
52.17
18.89
15.65
17.63
|
54.16
19.82
16.23
18.11
|
52.55
18.85
15.81
17.89
|
52.05
18.91
15.61
17.53
|
|
1:07.36
23.09
21.00
23.27
|
1:02.18
22.16
18.91
21.11
|
1:03.41
21.63
20.02
21.76
|
1:00.11
21.43
18.33
20.35
|
59.79
20.79
17.97
21.03
|
1:00.19
20.34
19.83
20.02
|
57.58
20.58
17.84
19.16
|
55.16
19.67
16.75
18.74
|
54.44
19.42
16.36
18.66
|
54.67
19.36
16.63
18.68
|
53.95
19.43
16.29
18.23
|
53.25
19.19
16.00
18.06
|
53.12
19.09
15.86
18.17
|
52.98
19.07
15.92
17.99
|
53.48
18.95
16.30
18.23
|
54.41
18.94
16.91
18.56
|
53.57
18.91
16.21
18.45
|
|
1:07.79
23.44
20.60
23.75
|
||||||||||||||||
|
1:08.80
24.97
20.93
22.90
|
1:03.23
22.81
19.33
21.09
|
1:01.41
21.31
18.99
21.11
|
59.74
20.95
18.64
20.15
|
58.47
20.58
18.11
19.78
|
57.59
20.84
17.68
19.07
|
55.46
19.65
17.07
18.74
|
55.64
19.72
17.14
18.78
|
54.44
19.30
16.46
18.68
|
53.74
19.30
16.24
18.20
|
53.12
19.08
16.07
17.97
|
53.05
18.97
16.01
18.07
|
53.16
19.06
15.96
18.14
|
52.36
18.83
15.80
17.73
|
51.91
18.79
15.51
17.61
|
51.91
18.76
15.59
17.56
|
53.42
18.80
16.93
17.69
|
|
1:10.83
26.40
21.54
22.89
|
1:08.07
23.36
22.43
22.28
|
1:02.08
21.97
19.54
20.57
|
59.13
21.06
18.22
19.85
|
58.00
20.78
17.58
19.64
|
56.35
20.11
17.23
19.01
|
55.98
20.08
17.08
18.82
|
55.46
19.79
16.91
18.76
|
54.97
19.40
17.00
18.57
|
54.67
19.35
16.51
18.81
|
54.70
19.43
16.98
18.29
|
54.11
19.24
16.72
18.15
|
53.00
19.07
16.06
17.87
|
52.79
19.09
15.90
17.80
|
52.49
18.89
15.99
17.61
|
54.31
19.84
16.71
17.76
|
52.20
18.94
15.80
17.46
|
|
1:09.11
24.35
20.29
24.47
|
1:10.04
24.70
22.05
23.29
|
1:03.46
22.16
19.47
21.83
|
1:00.52
21.53
18.41
20.58
|
57.79
20.51
17.78
19.50
|
56.26
20.03
17.17
19.06
|
58.57
19.79
19.23
19.55
|
55.10
19.93
16.58
18.59
|
54.48
19.49
16.42
18.57
|
54.35
19.30
16.44
18.61
|
53.70
19.31
16.21
18.18
|
53.18
19.04
16.06
18.08
|
52.68
18.93
16.01
17.74
|
52.32
18.93
15.74
17.65
|
52.36
18.80
15.68
17.88
|
55.32
19.13
18.14
18.05
|
52.18
18.92
15.59
17.67
|
|
1:07.23
23.20
20.45
23.58
|
1:12.30
23.17
27.19
21.94
|
1:02.79
21.87
19.56
21.36
|
58.50
20.88
17.66
19.96
|
57.20
20.14
17.38
19.68
|
55.38
19.87
16.74
18.77
|
55.17
19.64
16.84
18.69
|
54.61
19.68
16.59
18.34
|
54.17
19.36
16.22
18.59
|
54.21
19.28
16.42
18.51
|
53.24
19.20
15.89
18.15
|
53.27
19.02
15.86
18.39
|
52.73
19.02
15.84
17.87
|
52.73
18.97
15.86
17.90
|
52.48
19.02
15.70
17.76
|
52.34
18.91
15.75
17.68
|
52.70
19.10
15.80
17.80
|
|
|||||||||||||||||
|
1:08.38
24.22
21.45
22.71
|
1:09.37
24.01
22.15
23.21
|
1:03.81
22.16
20.10
21.55
|
59.71
21.28
18.25
20.18
|
57.50
20.20
17.52
19.78
|
55.93
19.87
16.93
19.13
|
56.10
20.00
17.00
19.10
|
55.35
19.56
16.75
19.04
|
54.70
19.30
16.86
18.54
|
54.22
19.24
16.47
18.51
|
54.48
19.41
16.84
18.23
|
53.58
19.18
16.33
18.07
|
53.07
19.01
16.14
17.92
|
52.58
18.95
15.90
17.73
|
52.45
18.86
15.90
17.69
|
53.06
19.15
15.85
18.06
|
52.89
18.89
15.89
18.11
|
|
1:09.95
24.55
21.43
23.97
|
1:09.90
23.26
22.93
23.71
|
1:03.97
22.49
19.78
21.70
|
1:01.25
21.68
18.90
20.67
|
59.36
20.89
18.50
19.97
|
57.61
20.67
17.52
19.42
|
56.60
20.41
17.17
19.02
|
55.51
19.89
16.90
18.72
|
54.99
19.60
16.66
18.73
|
54.45
19.46
16.40
18.59
|
54.37
19.40
16.54
18.43
|
55.15
19.20
16.86
19.09
|
53.80
19.37
16.12
18.31
|
53.18
19.15
16.11
17.92
|
52.78
19.08
15.89
17.81
|
53.63
19.35
16.25
18.03
|
52.50
19.00
15.83
17.67
|
|
1:06.97
22.98
20.13
23.86
|
||||||||||||||||
|
1:08.99
25.32
21.73
21.94
|
1:06.35
23.14
21.77
21.44
|
1:00.48
21.34
18.83
20.31
|
59.57
20.81
18.35
20.41
|
57.31
20.41
17.50
19.40
|
58.43
20.10
17.80
20.53
|
56.73
20.04
17.48
19.21
|
56.62
19.71
18.05
18.86
|
55.66
19.42
17.43
18.81
|
54.77
19.23
16.48
19.06
|
54.64
19.32
16.83
18.49
|
53.81
19.50
16.27
18.04
|
53.20
19.02
16.02
18.16
|
52.63
18.92
15.87
17.84
|
52.97
18.85
15.89
18.23
|
54.09
19.18
16.87
18.04
|
52.24
18.81
15.73
17.70
|
|
1:07.37
23.43
20.47
23.47
|
1:07.52
23.86
22.20
21.46
|
1:00.59
21.45
18.74
20.40
|
58.77
21.08
17.94
19.75
|
57.31
20.56
17.42
19.33
|
58.37
19.99
18.51
19.87
|
56.18
20.20
17.12
18.86
|
57.36
19.71
18.40
19.25
|
54.26
19.47
16.27
18.52
|
54.17
19.42
16.30
18.45
|
54.33
19.55
16.42
18.36
|
53.86
19.54
16.22
18.10
|
53.19
19.25
15.97
17.97
|
52.71
19.12
15.78
17.81
|
52.55
19.02
15.80
17.73
|
57.35
21.88
17.57
17.90
|
52.49
19.10
15.76
17.63
|
|
1:07.86
23.51
20.61
23.74
|
1:10.34
23.55
22.32
24.47
|
1:05.00
23.36
19.64
22.00
|
1:01.38
21.71
18.83
20.84
|
59.05
20.98
17.92
20.15
|
57.73
20.54
17.52
19.67
|
56.60
20.23
17.14
19.23
|
55.61
19.89
16.79
18.93
|
55.79
19.92
16.85
19.02
|
58.33
21.16
17.61
19.56
|
55.54
19.96
16.72
18.86
|
54.60
19.64
16.42
18.54
|
54.27
19.59
16.24
18.44
|
53.25
19.24
16.10
17.91
|
53.28
19.18
15.95
18.15
|
55.89
19.35
15.98
20.56
|
|
|
1:07.89
23.06
19.94
24.89
|
1:05.63
23.58
20.76
21.29
|
59.29
20.86
18.55
19.88
|
57.68
20.44
17.66
19.58
|
57.01
20.28
17.51
19.22
|
55.99
20.06
17.06
18.87
|
55.73
20.31
16.79
18.63
|
54.23
19.60
16.37
18.26
|
55.23
19.46
17.10
18.67
|
1:02.83
19.34
24.36
19.13
|
54.46
19.44
16.50
18.52
|
53.35
19.29
16.14
17.92
|
52.92
19.10
15.94
17.88
|
52.91
18.98
15.92
18.01
|
53.14
18.90
16.13
18.11
|
53.73
18.99
16.61
18.13
|
52.72
19.04
15.88
17.80
|
Loading.....